Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Organizational Culture, Climate, Structure And...

This assignment will describe an organisational culture, climate, structure and relationship between them. It will also explain organisational behaviour, communication and barriers in business using theory from books, academic journals and internet. Also, will analyse the key theories and concepts of culture. Moreover, it will explore understandings of how the identified issues relate to management practice. In addition, there will be a discussion of how the organisation helps Tesco to fulfil their purpose. Tesco is an international retailer and the largest supermarket chain in United Kingdom. Tesco was founded in London by Jack Cohen in 1919 as a group of market stalls. Eventually, the company has grown and these days Tesco is a public limited company that has a large amount of shareholders and employees (Tesco, 2015). Every business has its own organisational culture. It is very significant to the organisation because well-developed culture will guide the successful business model. According to Tharp (2009, p.2) claims that â€Å"for some, culture is considered the â€Å"glue† that holds an organisation together and for others, the â€Å"compass† that provides directions†. The organisational culture is the system of shared actions, values, beliefs, norms, working language, systems, symbols and habits that develops and guides human behaviour in the organisation (Shermerhorn et al., 2012). According to Mullins (2010) states, that organisational culture is developing through long-termShow MoreRelatedBecoming A Doctoral Program At Concordia University1539 Words   |  7 PagesEntering a doctoral program at Concordia University with a background in leadership and organizational development, I felt fairly confident that I would be able to successfully define what it means to serve as a leader. Early in my studies, I recall proudly examining my bookshelves as I perused titles such as, The Art of War, How to The Articulate Executive, In Search of Excellence, Leadership Brand, and Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done. This sense of pride was short lived, asRead MoreNorge Electronics Portugal S1171 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Case Analysis: Norge Electronics (Portugal), S.A. Organizational Design and Management, Prof. S. McGuire June, 29th 2014 Problem statement: Nevertheless Norge Portugal is achieving high sales results, there seems to be disconnect between the type of changes that is enforced by Joao Silva in the organizational climate and his conflicting management style. Joao Silva’s management style was shark which did not correspond to the entrepreneurial culture and the type of change that the organization hadRead MoreEssay about Planned Organizational Change1514 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership that is not afraid to challenge the status quo. To overcome poor organizational systems that have hindered change, a leader with discernment for success must emerge (Stojkovic et al., 2008). It is within this aspect that the eight steps of planned change are involved. The steps outline what steps a leader must take to lead an organization down a new path to success. The eight steps may be considered guidelines to structure an organization with goals leading from present conditions to future conditionsRead MoreHobby Lobby1130 Words    |  5 Pagesor failure of a company. The relationships that connect the people within the organization dictate how the culture is developed and perceived. Organizational culture is the summation of the underlying organizational values manifesting as collective assumptions, attitudes, beliefs, expectations and norms.   Grounded in the customs and values of the organizational construct as well as in the experiences and interactions of the people within its walls, culture is the personality of an organizationRead MoreEthical Behavior As A Fundamental Part Within Creating The Prosperous Company793 Words   |  4 Pagescommand and control is another trend mentioned by Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn and Osbron (2012). People change as much as the world around them. As people develop new life priorities, classic methods of leading are not fitting anymore. Authors suggest that new practices involving â€Å"shared leadership, flexible structures† (p. 8) need to be applied for better cooperation between leaders and workers (Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn and Osbron, 2012) In chapter 1, Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn and OsbornRead MoreDeterminants of Organizational Culture and Climate1838 Words   |  8 Pagesdeterminants and dimensions 0f organisational culture and climate. The effectiveness and success of an organization is not solely measured by profitability, it can also be measured by the way business is done and how the company is perceived by both its employees and the external community. These processes and formed impressions are functions of organizational culture which may be defined in several ways. The organization itself has an invisible quality – a certain style, a character, awayRead MoreOrganisational Structure Impacts on Other Areas of the Business Environment Such as Communication Flow, Project Management and Relationships with Customers638 Words   |  3 PagesBriefly define different types of organizational culture. How would you describe the culture at Greescape? Under the different types of culture, what type of culture, do you think is evident in Greenscape? Organizational Culture – the idea became recognized with the notion of organizational (corporate) climate in the 60s and 70s. Different researchers had developed several models and methods to describe them. 4 general categories: * Compete (Market) Culture – Goal orientated, highly drivenRead MoreLeadership Culture : A Review Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Culture: A Review of the Literature Dallas Benson Liberty University â€Æ' Abstract Culture represents the informal set of attitudes, beliefs, goals, norms understandings, and values that provide both a sense of identity and purpose to an organization. Research into the influences of management on corporate culture include insights from a variety of fields to include business, economics, politics, psychology, and sociology. This review examines the literature on organization designRead MoreEssay on Organizational Management1583 Words   |  7 PagesManaging Changes Ââ€" Renewing Organizational Structure and Culture In their 2005 book, Understanding and Managing: Organizational Behavior, Jennifer George and Gareth Jones define organizational structure as the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, and motivates employees so that they cooperate and work together to achieve an organizations goals. A logical consequence to an organizations structure is the resulting culture, which George and Jones furtherRead MoreLeadership and Organizational Culture Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesLEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE In this paper I will discuss the effects and responsibilities leaders have on an organizational culture. I believe leaders have an enormous effect on the well-being of an organizational culture. Leaders must take an active role within their organizations culture. Whether positive or negative, in an organization, things tend to follow suit down hill. A leader has the power and influence to maintain, create, or repair an organizational culture. However, this

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Ethical Concerns Of Psychotherapy - 1229 Words

The Research of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is an interactive process between two individuals or more for the purpose of the improvement or the relief of the suffer of the person from compulsion, troublesome behavior, depression, etc. The process has to be done by using the therapeutic methods which logically relevant to the case under the regulations by laws and the profession. The therapist required for psychotherapy is proficient in both the theories of formation of personality and the techniques and theories of cognitive behavior modification. Founded by Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century, the Modern psychology has been developing and improved its concepts and theories. Psychotherapy, the application of it, has been perfecting†¦show more content†¦It is equally forbidden for the professional secret to be communicated to another, including a doctor. The same is true of other secrets.† (Pope Pius XII). The holy father used confession as a similar example of the principle: The secrets from a psychotherapy should never be revealed to others just like that priests can never disclose the secrets from the confession room. The holly father understood the importance of the secrets of the patients as a principle in psychotherapy. The dignity of a human person can be protected when his or her deep secrets would not be known by others. However, the principle might vary under different circumstances in psychotherapy. The involvement of the third parties and their benefits are the main causes of the problem of confidentiality. That in what kind of situation should a therapist disclose the content of the therapy is actually hard to be determined. Whether or not leaking the secrets of the patients under certain circumstances is ethical becomes one of biggest ethical dilemma in Psychotherapy. The typical cases will be: If the patient is doing certain illegal activities that violates the law with no one knowing it, should the therapist report it? Do the parents of the patient have the right to know the progress and the content of the therapy? Should the potential victims that might be harmed by the patients be aware of his or her situations? The ways that a therapist handles the problem might cause very critical results.Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Cocaine Dependence On Increased Crime Rates And Criminal Activity Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesUsers of these drugs tend to ignore safe sex practices beca use of the effect of the drug on normal psychological functioning of the brain. Increased Health Risks The public health sector is concerned with this problem because it creates new health concerns and increases the overall costs of health care delivery. As evident in the analysis, cocaine dependence affects brain structure and operations, which in turn result in the emergence of new health risks among adolescent and adult populations. HealthRead MoreThe Therapist And The Client929 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplished by building a strong therapeutic relationship through empathy, acceptance and genuineness, the therapist encouraging the client to take control of the session, and through self-exploration (PCT). As a therapist, it is their ethical responsibility to abide by any and all codes involved in mental health counseling. According to the ACA integration of study code, â€Å"In traditional, hybrid, and/or online formats, counselor educators establish education and training programs that integrateRead MoreTreating Childhood Depression from a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach1163 Words   |  5 Pagesinterfere with the child’s daily living at school and home. Psychotherapy and medication are the most common treatments for children with depression (Depression in Children, 2012). Treating children with depression using psychotherapy is beneficial to minimize the overmedicating and any long-term effects medication plays on the developing brains and bodies of children. Both forms of treatment raise some ethical, legal, and cultural concerns. Medicate or Not There are advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreCultural Factors Of Eating Disorders1696 Words   |  7 Pagesprosperity, fertility, success and economic security. In such cultures, eating disorders are found much less commonly than in Western nations (Miller, 2014, para. 6). Evidence-Base Practices Treatment Treatment for bulimia can involve a combination of psychotherapy, medication, nutrition, education and support groups. Finding a treatment for an individual with an eating disorder is not as easy as one thinks. Treatment of bulimia, as with all eating disorders, can be challenging because effective treatmentRead MoreEthical Issues for the Integration of Religion and Spirituality in Therapy1308 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issues for the Integration of Religion and Spirituality in Therapy Abstract Religion plays an important role in the lives of many people, and in such cases, religious principles and beliefs influence all aspects of their lives. With the increasing interest in spirituality in the community, the intersection of psychological services, religion and spirituality is likely to be a growth area in psychology (Plante, 2007). However, working with clients around religion and spirituality issuesRead MoreThe Ethics Of Paediatric Anti Depressant907 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesizing the clinical problems relating to the prescription of antidepressant medications, M. C. Shearer and S. L. Bermingham outline and highlight the ethical concerns regarding the use of antidepressant medications in children and adolescents. Professors of Biology Shearer and Bermingham in their article The Ethics of Paediatric Anti-Depressant Use: Erring on the Side of Caution argue that prescribing antidepressants to youth is a simplistic approach to a complex issue and should be severelyRead Mo reEvidence Based Practice For A Patient With Depression And Other Issues1338 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber if antidepressant medications, which she states â€Å"take the edge off†. This will be the third time that she has participated in psychotherapy. She and her husband work full-time, have job security and health insurance. Critical questions in this case that can be guided by a review of published research include the relative role of medication versus psychotherapy in alleviating depression and menopausal symptoms. Assertive and dependent behaviors can easily be shaped using cognitive-behavioralRead MoreIntroduction to Counselling Concepts1740 Words   |  7 Pagesthe more professional term, Psychotherapy) is aimed at easing these problems, and attempts to solve them via the application of varying approaches - Merely being a listening ear for someone and their issues can often allow them to gain a clearer insight into the truth of their internal grievance, and so sel f-actualize a newfound clarity of awareness. When discussing the term Counselling, it is important to make note of the dichotomy between professional Psychotherapy, and the informal use of counsellingRead MoreEssay about CCMH506 R2 Personality In Counseling Worksheet WK1819 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it gives understanding, interpretation and, ultimately, action. Consistency and integrity are important in order to achieve goals in the most efficient and effective way.   Reference Flanagan, J. S., Flanagan, R. S. (2012).  Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice; skills, strategies, and techniques  (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc.. 2. How does personality apply to counseling theories? An individuals personality will often either help or hinder the counselingRead MoreA Research On Group Therapy996 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose. Accordingly, some of these benefits are derived from individuals within a therapeutic setting where group therapy has been effectively used in counseling for several years and remains ongoing. Group therapy is largely described as a type of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapist working with several clients at the same time. Group therapy is offered in varying mental health setting including hospitals, mental health clinics, private practice and community centers and is used to treat

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Caryl Phillips Cambridge Free Essays

In Caryl Phillips Cambridge, Phillips begins by introducing Emily, a young upper-class white woman, who is sent to the West Indies for three months to inspect her father’s sugar plantation. By constructing the novel into several distinctive voices, he exposes to his readers multiple points of view surrounding the novel’s fictional world. The first section of the novel is in the form of a journal, narrated by Emily herself, and gives readers a sense of Emily’s identity through her depictions of her surroundings. We will write a custom essay sample on Caryl Phillips Cambridge or any similar topic only for you Order Now Phillips takes a gendered narrative approach to explore eurocentric influence in the depictions of black womanhood during the African Diaspora and how it has affected the conceptualization of race in the past and present. Emily often finds the need to express her disgust of the appearances of black women. Setting forth towards her father’s estate, Emily is accompanied by a white gentleman, a negro driver, and a negro woman. Observing the woman, Emily states, â€Å"Her toothless gums were visible through her thick and open lips, and her church hat failed to mask her sad, unfeminine baldness† (21). Emily justifies her revulsion of the woman’s appearance based on her skewed perception of femininity. Because she does not meet eurocentric beauty ideals, her appearance is not seen on her own terms but rather criticized by someone who does not share her culture nor values. Emily uses the terms â€Å"toothless† and â€Å"bald† to highlight the black woman’s unappealing features and therefore, she reinforces the idea that Black women are less feminine than other women. Such depictions take an immeasurable toll on Black women, who have to constantly challenge the notion that they are less feminine, that their blackness is something curious, or difficult to handle to white standards. Despite the fact that what is considered to be â€Å"feminine† and â€Å"beautiful† is constantly changing, it does so in a way that continues to revolve around a Eurocentric standards. Emily’s faulty depictions preserve the idea that white people are superior in many ways to black people, and therefore, they have the right to assert their dominance over other races. In the past, science was used to justify â€Å"white supremacy,† where attributes of European culture were used to create a rationale for European authority. European slave traders used â€Å"scientific racism† to justify their preconceived notions that Blacks were not people but property, therefore they lacked basic fundamental rights. Upon arriving at the luncheon, Emily sets eyes on Christiana; unhappy with her presence, she orders the â€Å"coal-black, ape-woman† to leave. Emily suggests that Christiana’s features and mannerisms are similar to those of an ape and that her race is not only inferior but scientifically less evolved. This passage goes above and beyond; it showcases how whites distanced race from the core values of both feminism and humanism, proving that both were based on the systematic ideology of slaveholders and their allies. Phillips shows readers that the idea that all human beings are born with basic human rights was not prevalent to Blacks during this period. European slave traders used their preconceived notions to justify that Africans served no other purpose but to work as slaves. This was a view of humanity that made life grueling for Black slaves in the Americas. Equating animals to blacks was a malicious and effective instrument of dehumanisation, which historically manifested a powerful weapon that Europeans used to justify the institution of slavery. Black physical features, especially black women’s bodies and hair, have been devalued for centuries. The idea that blackness exists outside the realm of beauty was imposed by whites who constructed a hierarchy that privileged those with lighter skin, and straighter hair where Blacks could not meat this ideal of femininity. Emily, stopping to observe the black men and women washing clothes with their bare hands, can’t help but comment on the appearance of the women. â€Å"The appearance of the females was truly disgusting to me†¦one woman, her hair matted with filth, and, I imagine, her flesh host to countless forms of infestation, stood in a condition of total nudity in the centre of the stream..† The standards of white beauty created a barrier for Black women to attain it because it did not apply to most Black women thus, American femininity has existed behind the image of a white women. When Emily inadequately associates â€Å"natural hair† with the her own terms, she sets standards for physical characteristics that represent her race, failing to include anyone that doesn’t meet her skewed notions what constitutes a feminine woman. As a result, for years, Black women have taken part in many practices that attempt to mask their physical features in accordance with socially accepted conventions influenced by Whiteness. Emily’s negative depictions of Black women stems from conditions of her privilege. Through Emily, Phillips shows readers how White’s responded to black womanhood in the nineteenth century. What constituted a Black woman was directly related to the control that Whites had over them. Racism was at work, reinforcing the conception of whiteness while at the same time, deconstructing blackness. How to cite Caryl Phillips Cambridge, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Youth Violence And The Mass Media Essay Example For Students

Youth Violence And The Mass Media Essay Introduction The problem I am researching is the desensitizing of Americas youth through violence in the mass media, specifically television and video games. I am interested in studying it because as violence on television and the violent content contained in video games has increased, so has youth violence. I want to find if the increasing violence shown on television and video games has a desensitizing effect on Americas youth, thus, increasing the probability that they will commit an act of violence. I believe that this research is important because I think violence on television and video games is a form of classical conditioning. In the movie, A Clockwork Orange, the character was given negative reinforcement whenever he sees acts of violence shown to him on television. Eventually, he becomes repulsed by it and feels ill every time he sees or thinks of committing an act of violence. I think television and violent games are having a reverse effect on Americas youth. Violence is glorified in the mass media, thus youth become to associate killing with entertainment, they see violence as the manly thing to do, and they see how violence on television often goes unpunished. I feel this is a cause of youth violence because of the desensitizing nature of violence on television. One study showed that network programming averages 36.6 violent acts per hour. Is there any question that this would have a desensitizing effect on Americas youth over time? Literature Review I looked at five other studies that were related to my research. The first was from an article from the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology entitled Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life by Craig Anderson and Karen Dill. In the article, the effects of violent video games on youths were studied. What was found was that real-life violent video game play was positively related to increased aggressive behavior and delinquency. Also, academic achievement was negatively related to the overall amount of time spent playing games. This study involved two different forms of observation. The short-term effects (laboratory aggression) of the video games was studied using laboratory observation, while the long-term effects (increased delinquency) were studied using surveys. Another study I looked at was an article from the Sociological Spectrum entitled Violence, Morality, and Television Commercials by Brenden Maguire, Diane Sandage, and Georgie Ann Weatherby. This study examined whether violence in television commercials was related to declining morality and rising crime among youths. A content analysis was performed of 1699 commercials shown over sixteen days and evenings in January and February of 1996 and June and July in 1997. What was found that only a small percentage of commercials contained violence and a small number of commercials exhibited behavior or attitudes contrary to conventional moral standards. Maguire et al concluded that although advertisers sponsor programs that feature violence, they do not wish to associate violence with their products. Therefore, commercials have little to effect on the increasing aggressive tendencies of Americas youth. The third article I studied was from the journal, Aggression and Violent Behavior 4, entitled Film Violence and Young Offenders by Amanda Pennell and Kevin Browne. In this article, Pennell and Browne found that screen violence can affect consumer behavior by: imitation of violent roles and aggressive acts; triggering of aggressive impulses in predisposed individuals; desensitizing feelings of sympathy towards victims; creating indifference towards use of violence; and creating a frame of mind that sees violent acts as socially acceptable responses to stress and frustration. Pennell and Browne found young offenders like violent videos because of their aggressive backgrounds and behavioral tendencies, but concluded that whether such tastes in film reinforce violent behavior and increasing frequency of aggressive acts is debatable. The methodology used in this study was laboratory observation, with each youth being shown a violent video and their immediate reaction as well as their impr ession of the video late being noted. The fourth article I used was entitled Cutting Film Violence: Effects on Perceptions, Enjoyment, and Arousal by Mike Berry, Tim Gray, and Ed Donnerstein. .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .postImageUrl , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:hover , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:visited , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:active { border:0!important; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:active , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Watergate Essay This article was taken from the Journal of Social Psychology. This study investigated the effects of cutting specific graphic scenes .