Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Organizational Culture, Climate, Structure And...

This assignment will describe an organisational culture, climate, structure and relationship between them. It will also explain organisational behaviour, communication and barriers in business using theory from books, academic journals and internet. Also, will analyse the key theories and concepts of culture. Moreover, it will explore understandings of how the identified issues relate to management practice. In addition, there will be a discussion of how the organisation helps Tesco to fulfil their purpose. Tesco is an international retailer and the largest supermarket chain in United Kingdom. Tesco was founded in London by Jack Cohen in 1919 as a group of market stalls. Eventually, the company has grown and these days Tesco is a public limited company that has a large amount of shareholders and employees (Tesco, 2015). Every business has its own organisational culture. It is very significant to the organisation because well-developed culture will guide the successful business model. According to Tharp (2009, p.2) claims that â€Å"for some, culture is considered the â€Å"glue† that holds an organisation together and for others, the â€Å"compass† that provides directions†. The organisational culture is the system of shared actions, values, beliefs, norms, working language, systems, symbols and habits that develops and guides human behaviour in the organisation (Shermerhorn et al., 2012). According to Mullins (2010) states, that organisational culture is developing through long-termShow MoreRelatedBecoming A Doctoral Program At Concordia University1539 Words   |  7 PagesEntering a doctoral program at Concordia University with a background in leadership and organizational development, I felt fairly confident that I would be able to successfully define what it means to serve as a leader. Early in my studies, I recall proudly examining my bookshelves as I perused titles such as, The Art of War, How to The Articulate Executive, In Search of Excellence, Leadership Brand, and Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done. This sense of pride was short lived, asRead MoreNorge Electronics Portugal S1171 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Case Analysis: Norge Electronics (Portugal), S.A. Organizational Design and Management, Prof. S. McGuire June, 29th 2014 Problem statement: Nevertheless Norge Portugal is achieving high sales results, there seems to be disconnect between the type of changes that is enforced by Joao Silva in the organizational climate and his conflicting management style. Joao Silva’s management style was shark which did not correspond to the entrepreneurial culture and the type of change that the organization hadRead MoreEssay about Planned Organizational Change1514 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership that is not afraid to challenge the status quo. To overcome poor organizational systems that have hindered change, a leader with discernment for success must emerge (Stojkovic et al., 2008). It is within this aspect that the eight steps of planned change are involved. The steps outline what steps a leader must take to lead an organization down a new path to success. The eight steps may be considered guidelines to structure an organization with goals leading from present conditions to future conditionsRead MoreHobby Lobby1130 Words    |  5 Pagesor failure of a company. The relationships that connect the people within the organization dictate how the culture is developed and perceived. Organizational culture is the summation of the underlying organizational values manifesting as collective assumptions, attitudes, beliefs, expectations and norms.   Grounded in the customs and values of the organizational construct as well as in the experiences and interactions of the people within its walls, culture is the personality of an organizationRead MoreEthical Behavior As A Fundamental Part Within Creating The Prosperous Company793 Words   |  4 Pagescommand and control is another trend mentioned by Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn and Osbron (2012). People change as much as the world around them. As people develop new life priorities, classic methods of leading are not fitting anymore. Authors suggest that new practices involving â€Å"shared leadership, flexible structures† (p. 8) need to be applied for better cooperation between leaders and workers (Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn and Osbron, 2012) In chapter 1, Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn and OsbornRead MoreDeterminants of Organizational Culture and Climate1838 Words   |  8 Pagesdeterminants and dimensions 0f organisational culture and climate. The effectiveness and success of an organization is not solely measured by profitability, it can also be measured by the way business is done and how the company is perceived by both its employees and the external community. These processes and formed impressions are functions of organizational culture which may be defined in several ways. The organization itself has an invisible quality – a certain style, a character, awayRead MoreOrganisational Structure Impacts on Other Areas of the Business Environment Such as Communication Flow, Project Management and Relationships with Customers638 Words   |  3 PagesBriefly define different types of organizational culture. How would you describe the culture at Greescape? Under the different types of culture, what type of culture, do you think is evident in Greenscape? Organizational Culture – the idea became recognized with the notion of organizational (corporate) climate in the 60s and 70s. Different researchers had developed several models and methods to describe them. 4 general categories: * Compete (Market) Culture – Goal orientated, highly drivenRead MoreLeadership Culture : A Review Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Culture: A Review of the Literature Dallas Benson Liberty University â€Æ' Abstract Culture represents the informal set of attitudes, beliefs, goals, norms understandings, and values that provide both a sense of identity and purpose to an organization. Research into the influences of management on corporate culture include insights from a variety of fields to include business, economics, politics, psychology, and sociology. This review examines the literature on organization designRead MoreEssay on Organizational Management1583 Words   |  7 PagesManaging Changes Ââ€" Renewing Organizational Structure and Culture In their 2005 book, Understanding and Managing: Organizational Behavior, Jennifer George and Gareth Jones define organizational structure as the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, and motivates employees so that they cooperate and work together to achieve an organizations goals. A logical consequence to an organizations structure is the resulting culture, which George and Jones furtherRead MoreLeadership and Organizational Culture Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesLEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE In this paper I will discuss the effects and responsibilities leaders have on an organizational culture. I believe leaders have an enormous effect on the well-being of an organizational culture. Leaders must take an active role within their organizations culture. Whether positive or negative, in an organization, things tend to follow suit down hill. A leader has the power and influence to maintain, create, or repair an organizational culture. However, this

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Ethical Concerns Of Psychotherapy - 1229 Words

The Research of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is an interactive process between two individuals or more for the purpose of the improvement or the relief of the suffer of the person from compulsion, troublesome behavior, depression, etc. The process has to be done by using the therapeutic methods which logically relevant to the case under the regulations by laws and the profession. The therapist required for psychotherapy is proficient in both the theories of formation of personality and the techniques and theories of cognitive behavior modification. Founded by Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century, the Modern psychology has been developing and improved its concepts and theories. Psychotherapy, the application of it, has been perfecting†¦show more content†¦It is equally forbidden for the professional secret to be communicated to another, including a doctor. The same is true of other secrets.† (Pope Pius XII). The holy father used confession as a similar example of the principle: The secrets from a psychotherapy should never be revealed to others just like that priests can never disclose the secrets from the confession room. The holly father understood the importance of the secrets of the patients as a principle in psychotherapy. The dignity of a human person can be protected when his or her deep secrets would not be known by others. However, the principle might vary under different circumstances in psychotherapy. The involvement of the third parties and their benefits are the main causes of the problem of confidentiality. That in what kind of situation should a therapist disclose the content of the therapy is actually hard to be determined. Whether or not leaking the secrets of the patients under certain circumstances is ethical becomes one of biggest ethical dilemma in Psychotherapy. The typical cases will be: If the patient is doing certain illegal activities that violates the law with no one knowing it, should the therapist report it? Do the parents of the patient have the right to know the progress and the content of the therapy? Should the potential victims that might be harmed by the patients be aware of his or her situations? The ways that a therapist handles the problem might cause very critical results.Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Cocaine Dependence On Increased Crime Rates And Criminal Activity Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesUsers of these drugs tend to ignore safe sex practices beca use of the effect of the drug on normal psychological functioning of the brain. Increased Health Risks The public health sector is concerned with this problem because it creates new health concerns and increases the overall costs of health care delivery. As evident in the analysis, cocaine dependence affects brain structure and operations, which in turn result in the emergence of new health risks among adolescent and adult populations. HealthRead MoreThe Therapist And The Client929 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplished by building a strong therapeutic relationship through empathy, acceptance and genuineness, the therapist encouraging the client to take control of the session, and through self-exploration (PCT). As a therapist, it is their ethical responsibility to abide by any and all codes involved in mental health counseling. According to the ACA integration of study code, â€Å"In traditional, hybrid, and/or online formats, counselor educators establish education and training programs that integrateRead MoreTreating Childhood Depression from a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach1163 Words   |  5 Pagesinterfere with the child’s daily living at school and home. Psychotherapy and medication are the most common treatments for children with depression (Depression in Children, 2012). Treating children with depression using psychotherapy is beneficial to minimize the overmedicating and any long-term effects medication plays on the developing brains and bodies of children. Both forms of treatment raise some ethical, legal, and cultural concerns. Medicate or Not There are advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreCultural Factors Of Eating Disorders1696 Words   |  7 Pagesprosperity, fertility, success and economic security. In such cultures, eating disorders are found much less commonly than in Western nations (Miller, 2014, para. 6). Evidence-Base Practices Treatment Treatment for bulimia can involve a combination of psychotherapy, medication, nutrition, education and support groups. Finding a treatment for an individual with an eating disorder is not as easy as one thinks. Treatment of bulimia, as with all eating disorders, can be challenging because effective treatmentRead MoreEthical Issues for the Integration of Religion and Spirituality in Therapy1308 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issues for the Integration of Religion and Spirituality in Therapy Abstract Religion plays an important role in the lives of many people, and in such cases, religious principles and beliefs influence all aspects of their lives. With the increasing interest in spirituality in the community, the intersection of psychological services, religion and spirituality is likely to be a growth area in psychology (Plante, 2007). However, working with clients around religion and spirituality issuesRead MoreThe Ethics Of Paediatric Anti Depressant907 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesizing the clinical problems relating to the prescription of antidepressant medications, M. C. Shearer and S. L. Bermingham outline and highlight the ethical concerns regarding the use of antidepressant medications in children and adolescents. Professors of Biology Shearer and Bermingham in their article The Ethics of Paediatric Anti-Depressant Use: Erring on the Side of Caution argue that prescribing antidepressants to youth is a simplistic approach to a complex issue and should be severelyRead Mo reEvidence Based Practice For A Patient With Depression And Other Issues1338 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber if antidepressant medications, which she states â€Å"take the edge off†. This will be the third time that she has participated in psychotherapy. She and her husband work full-time, have job security and health insurance. Critical questions in this case that can be guided by a review of published research include the relative role of medication versus psychotherapy in alleviating depression and menopausal symptoms. Assertive and dependent behaviors can easily be shaped using cognitive-behavioralRead MoreIntroduction to Counselling Concepts1740 Words   |  7 Pagesthe more professional term, Psychotherapy) is aimed at easing these problems, and attempts to solve them via the application of varying approaches - Merely being a listening ear for someone and their issues can often allow them to gain a clearer insight into the truth of their internal grievance, and so sel f-actualize a newfound clarity of awareness. When discussing the term Counselling, it is important to make note of the dichotomy between professional Psychotherapy, and the informal use of counsellingRead MoreEssay about CCMH506 R2 Personality In Counseling Worksheet WK1819 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it gives understanding, interpretation and, ultimately, action. Consistency and integrity are important in order to achieve goals in the most efficient and effective way.   Reference Flanagan, J. S., Flanagan, R. S. (2012).  Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice; skills, strategies, and techniques  (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc.. 2. How does personality apply to counseling theories? An individuals personality will often either help or hinder the counselingRead MoreA Research On Group Therapy996 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose. Accordingly, some of these benefits are derived from individuals within a therapeutic setting where group therapy has been effectively used in counseling for several years and remains ongoing. Group therapy is largely described as a type of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapist working with several clients at the same time. Group therapy is offered in varying mental health setting including hospitals, mental health clinics, private practice and community centers and is used to treat

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Caryl Phillips Cambridge Free Essays

In Caryl Phillips Cambridge, Phillips begins by introducing Emily, a young upper-class white woman, who is sent to the West Indies for three months to inspect her father’s sugar plantation. By constructing the novel into several distinctive voices, he exposes to his readers multiple points of view surrounding the novel’s fictional world. The first section of the novel is in the form of a journal, narrated by Emily herself, and gives readers a sense of Emily’s identity through her depictions of her surroundings. We will write a custom essay sample on Caryl Phillips Cambridge or any similar topic only for you Order Now Phillips takes a gendered narrative approach to explore eurocentric influence in the depictions of black womanhood during the African Diaspora and how it has affected the conceptualization of race in the past and present. Emily often finds the need to express her disgust of the appearances of black women. Setting forth towards her father’s estate, Emily is accompanied by a white gentleman, a negro driver, and a negro woman. Observing the woman, Emily states, â€Å"Her toothless gums were visible through her thick and open lips, and her church hat failed to mask her sad, unfeminine baldness† (21). Emily justifies her revulsion of the woman’s appearance based on her skewed perception of femininity. Because she does not meet eurocentric beauty ideals, her appearance is not seen on her own terms but rather criticized by someone who does not share her culture nor values. Emily uses the terms â€Å"toothless† and â€Å"bald† to highlight the black woman’s unappealing features and therefore, she reinforces the idea that Black women are less feminine than other women. Such depictions take an immeasurable toll on Black women, who have to constantly challenge the notion that they are less feminine, that their blackness is something curious, or difficult to handle to white standards. Despite the fact that what is considered to be â€Å"feminine† and â€Å"beautiful† is constantly changing, it does so in a way that continues to revolve around a Eurocentric standards. Emily’s faulty depictions preserve the idea that white people are superior in many ways to black people, and therefore, they have the right to assert their dominance over other races. In the past, science was used to justify â€Å"white supremacy,† where attributes of European culture were used to create a rationale for European authority. European slave traders used â€Å"scientific racism† to justify their preconceived notions that Blacks were not people but property, therefore they lacked basic fundamental rights. Upon arriving at the luncheon, Emily sets eyes on Christiana; unhappy with her presence, she orders the â€Å"coal-black, ape-woman† to leave. Emily suggests that Christiana’s features and mannerisms are similar to those of an ape and that her race is not only inferior but scientifically less evolved. This passage goes above and beyond; it showcases how whites distanced race from the core values of both feminism and humanism, proving that both were based on the systematic ideology of slaveholders and their allies. Phillips shows readers that the idea that all human beings are born with basic human rights was not prevalent to Blacks during this period. European slave traders used their preconceived notions to justify that Africans served no other purpose but to work as slaves. This was a view of humanity that made life grueling for Black slaves in the Americas. Equating animals to blacks was a malicious and effective instrument of dehumanisation, which historically manifested a powerful weapon that Europeans used to justify the institution of slavery. Black physical features, especially black women’s bodies and hair, have been devalued for centuries. The idea that blackness exists outside the realm of beauty was imposed by whites who constructed a hierarchy that privileged those with lighter skin, and straighter hair where Blacks could not meat this ideal of femininity. Emily, stopping to observe the black men and women washing clothes with their bare hands, can’t help but comment on the appearance of the women. â€Å"The appearance of the females was truly disgusting to me†¦one woman, her hair matted with filth, and, I imagine, her flesh host to countless forms of infestation, stood in a condition of total nudity in the centre of the stream..† The standards of white beauty created a barrier for Black women to attain it because it did not apply to most Black women thus, American femininity has existed behind the image of a white women. When Emily inadequately associates â€Å"natural hair† with the her own terms, she sets standards for physical characteristics that represent her race, failing to include anyone that doesn’t meet her skewed notions what constitutes a feminine woman. As a result, for years, Black women have taken part in many practices that attempt to mask their physical features in accordance with socially accepted conventions influenced by Whiteness. Emily’s negative depictions of Black women stems from conditions of her privilege. Through Emily, Phillips shows readers how White’s responded to black womanhood in the nineteenth century. What constituted a Black woman was directly related to the control that Whites had over them. Racism was at work, reinforcing the conception of whiteness while at the same time, deconstructing blackness. How to cite Caryl Phillips Cambridge, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Youth Violence And The Mass Media Essay Example For Students

Youth Violence And The Mass Media Essay Introduction The problem I am researching is the desensitizing of Americas youth through violence in the mass media, specifically television and video games. I am interested in studying it because as violence on television and the violent content contained in video games has increased, so has youth violence. I want to find if the increasing violence shown on television and video games has a desensitizing effect on Americas youth, thus, increasing the probability that they will commit an act of violence. I believe that this research is important because I think violence on television and video games is a form of classical conditioning. In the movie, A Clockwork Orange, the character was given negative reinforcement whenever he sees acts of violence shown to him on television. Eventually, he becomes repulsed by it and feels ill every time he sees or thinks of committing an act of violence. I think television and violent games are having a reverse effect on Americas youth. Violence is glorified in the mass media, thus youth become to associate killing with entertainment, they see violence as the manly thing to do, and they see how violence on television often goes unpunished. I feel this is a cause of youth violence because of the desensitizing nature of violence on television. One study showed that network programming averages 36.6 violent acts per hour. Is there any question that this would have a desensitizing effect on Americas youth over time? Literature Review I looked at five other studies that were related to my research. The first was from an article from the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology entitled Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life by Craig Anderson and Karen Dill. In the article, the effects of violent video games on youths were studied. What was found was that real-life violent video game play was positively related to increased aggressive behavior and delinquency. Also, academic achievement was negatively related to the overall amount of time spent playing games. This study involved two different forms of observation. The short-term effects (laboratory aggression) of the video games was studied using laboratory observation, while the long-term effects (increased delinquency) were studied using surveys. Another study I looked at was an article from the Sociological Spectrum entitled Violence, Morality, and Television Commercials by Brenden Maguire, Diane Sandage, and Georgie Ann Weatherby. This study examined whether violence in television commercials was related to declining morality and rising crime among youths. A content analysis was performed of 1699 commercials shown over sixteen days and evenings in January and February of 1996 and June and July in 1997. What was found that only a small percentage of commercials contained violence and a small number of commercials exhibited behavior or attitudes contrary to conventional moral standards. Maguire et al concluded that although advertisers sponsor programs that feature violence, they do not wish to associate violence with their products. Therefore, commercials have little to effect on the increasing aggressive tendencies of Americas youth. The third article I studied was from the journal, Aggression and Violent Behavior 4, entitled Film Violence and Young Offenders by Amanda Pennell and Kevin Browne. In this article, Pennell and Browne found that screen violence can affect consumer behavior by: imitation of violent roles and aggressive acts; triggering of aggressive impulses in predisposed individuals; desensitizing feelings of sympathy towards victims; creating indifference towards use of violence; and creating a frame of mind that sees violent acts as socially acceptable responses to stress and frustration. Pennell and Browne found young offenders like violent videos because of their aggressive backgrounds and behavioral tendencies, but concluded that whether such tastes in film reinforce violent behavior and increasing frequency of aggressive acts is debatable. The methodology used in this study was laboratory observation, with each youth being shown a violent video and their immediate reaction as well as their impr ession of the video late being noted. The fourth article I used was entitled Cutting Film Violence: Effects on Perceptions, Enjoyment, and Arousal by Mike Berry, Tim Gray, and Ed Donnerstein. .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .postImageUrl , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:hover , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:visited , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:active { border:0!important; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:active , .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633 .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb3e22c3af47a28cc896ac9e6b833633:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Watergate Essay This article was taken from the Journal of Social Psychology. This study investigated the effects of cutting specific graphic scenes .

Friday, November 29, 2019

Case Solutions Deloitte Essay Example

Case Solutions Deloitte Paper We encourage users of this case study to follow this project and review the and Saabs Web site for updates. Case 04-9: Healthcare Depot On April 22, 201 1 , the FAST issued a Proposed Accounting Standards Update, Interdenominational and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. Under the proposed ASS, entities testing goodwill for impairment would have the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the reporting unit (i. E. , step I of the goodwill impairment test). If entities determine, on the basis to qualitative factors, that the fair value tooth reporting unit is more likely than not greater than the carrying amount, a quantitative calculation would not be needed. The proposal would not change how goodwill is calculated or assigned to reporting units, nor would it revise the requirement to test goodwill annually for impairment. In addition, the proposed guidance does not amend the requirement to test goodwill for impairment between annual tests if events or circumstances warrant: however, it does revise the examples of events and circumstances that an entity should consider. These circumstances include: ; Macroeconomic conditions such as a deterioration in general economic conditions, limitations on accessing capital, fluctuations in foreign exchange dates, or other developments in equity and credit markets Industry and market considerations such as a deterioration in the environment in Which an entity operates, an increased competitive environment, a decline (both absolute and relative to its peers) in market-dependent multiples or metrics, a change in the market for an entity products or services, or a regulatory or political development Cost factors such as increases in raw materials, labor, or other costs that have a negative effect on earnings Overall financial performance such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings Other relevant entity-specific events such as changes in management, key personnel, strategy, or customers; contemplation of bankruptcy; or litigation Events affecting a reporting unit s uch as a change in the carrying amount Of its net assets, a more-likely-than-not expectation of selling or disposing all or a portion Of a reporting unit, the testing for recoverability Of a significant asset group within a reporting unit, or recognition of a goodwill impairment loss in the financial statements Of a subsidiary that is a component Of a reporting unit If applicable, a sustained decrease (both absolute and relative to its peers) in share price. These factors are not meant to be all-inclusive. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Solutions Deloitte specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Case Solutions Deloitte specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Case Solutions Deloitte specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Entities should also consider: ; ; ; The significance and adversity of each factor relative to the fair value of the reporting unit Positive factors and mitigating circumstances that may affect the analysis If the entity has a recent fair value calculation for the reporting unit, whether the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount by a substantial margin The factors in their totality, No one factor is meant to e a determinative event that triggers a quantitative calculation. Further, the existence of positive and mitigating events and circumstances is not intended to represent a reputable presumption that an entity should not perform the first step of the goodwill impairment test. The proposed ASSAIL would also amend the guidance on performing an interim test of goodwill. ACS 350-20-35-30 currently provides examples of events and circumstances indicating when it is more likely than not that the fair value Of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. The proposal replaces such examples with the factors noted above for the qualitative assessment. We encourage you to check the FAST website for further details and developments. You can also check Dolomite. Com for Dolomite publications on proposals and final standards as they are issued, The Fasts project is not expected to affect the conclusions in this case. Case 05-6: Connect, Inc. In May 201 1, the SAAB issued IF-RSI 10, Consolidated Financial Statements, which replaced AS 27 and SIC 12 FIRS 10 is detective tort annual periods beginning on or after January l, 2013, Early application is permitted under specific circumstances. Lender FIRS 10, control is the single basis for consolidation, irrespective of the nature of the invested; this standard therefore eliminates the risks and rewards approach in SIC-12_ APRS 10 identified three elements of control: ; ; ; Power over the invested Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from involvement with the invested The ability to use power over the invested to affect the amount of the investors returns. FIRS 10 would change the analysis for this case; however, Connect would likely continue to consolidate Brittle. Case 07-03 Part I: Columbia On-Line Networks Subsequent to the release of the Exposure Draft issued by the FAST and SAAB in June 201 0, the Boards received a number Of comments and is currently reviewing and analyzing these comments. A revised draft of the Exposure Draft is expected review the Fasts and Saabs Web site for updates. Case 08-3: Hedge Documentation As of the end of May 2011 the FAST has not yet begun deliberations of comments received on the hedge accounting proposals included in its May 2010 proposed ASSAIL. However, the FAST has continued to monitor the Saabs project to amend the hedge accounting requirements currently included in AS 9, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. In December 2010, the SAAB issued its exposure draft (DE), Hedge Accounting. The Saabs proposed model focuses on an entitys risk management objectives as the basis for hedge accounting, In r-February 2011, the FAST issued a discussion paper (DIP), Selected Issues About Hedge Accounting, to obtain feedback on the Oasis DE; comments on the DIP were due by April 25, 201 1 _ The FAST intends to consider the feedback received on the Oasis proposal during its retaliations of the May 2010 hedge accounting proposals. The PASS has not yet indicated a specific timeline for When t plans to start such retaliations. Case 08-4: Bear Minimum On August 17, 2010, the FAST and SAAB took a significant Step toward revamping existing lease accounting rules by issuing an exposure draft (DE) outlining the boards views on a new accounting model. The boards began retaliations in January 201 1 and expect to issue a final standard late in 2011. The issuance of a final standard could be delayed if the boards decide to recompose the proposed leasing guidance, Lease accounting under US. GAP and FIRST is often criticized for being too reliant on bright lines and subjective judgments. Many believe that such reliance as led entities to account for economically similar transactions differently and has presented opportunities tort entities to structure transactions to achieve a desired accounting effect, The proposed lease model would eliminate operating leases and focus on an entity right to use an asset. Lessees would record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding obligation to pay rentals for all leases -? in other words, the concept of an operating lease would no longer exist, and all leases would be -?on balance sheet_l As it relates to lessons, the boards proposed two models in the DE: (1) the deterioration approach and (2) the performance obligation approach, This case does not reflect the tentative decisions that the boards have reached. Case 09-2: Paragraph Pharmaceutical Development Funding On December I g, 2008, the PASS and SAAB issued a discussion paper outlining their preliminary views on a single contract-based revenue recognition model. Currently, there are more than 100 revenue recognition standards in US. GAP. The proposed model eliminates conflicting guidance and reduces the number of revenue recognition standards. The Boards issued an Exposure Draft for public comment in the second quarter of 2010 and a final standard expected in the second half of 2011. We encourage you to review the FAST and SAAB websites for further details and developments. You can also review Dolomite. Com for Dolomite publications on proposals and final standards as they are issued. Case 09-04: Needs space On August 17, 2010, the FAST and SAAB took a significant step toward revamping boards views on a new accounting model, The boards began redecoration in January 2011 and expect to issue a final standard late in 2011. The issuance of a final standard could be delayed if the boards decide to recompose the proposed leasing guidance. Lease accounting under U. S. GAP and Fires is often irritated for being too reliant on bright lines and subjective judgments, Many believe that such reliance has led entities to account for economically similar transactions differently and has presented opportunities for entities to structure transactions to achieve a desired accounting effect. The proposed lease model would eliminate operating leases and focus On an entity right to use an asset. Lessees would record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding obligation to pay rentals for all leases -? in Other words, the concept Of an operating lease would no longer exist, and all leases would be on balance sheet. As it relates to lessons, the boards proposed two models in the DE: (I) the deterioration approach and (2) the performance obligation approach. This case does not reflect the tentative decisions that the boards have reached. Case 09-05 Part A: Pit stop Closed/Sold The FAST expects to re-expose a revised ASS in the second quarter of 2011. The Boards goal is to issue a final ASSAIL in the second half of 2011. Case 09-05 Part B: Pit stop Closed/Said The FAST expects to re-expose a revised ASIA in the second quarter of 2011. The Boards goal is to issue a final ASSAIL in the second halt to 2011. Case 09-08: Classified Information SEC Comments There are several SEC Comments cited in the case. These areas continue to be a focus in the SEC comment process. There are a number of additional topics related to financial statement classification on Vichy the SEC staff frequently comments. See the Financial Statement Classification section of Dolomites Special Report, SEC Comment Letters Including Industry Insights: A Snapshot of Current Themes (Fourth Edition), for information on these topics. All SEC Comments are also available publicly on the SEC Web site in the IDEA (formerly EDGAR) database. FAST/SAAB Joint Project on Financial Statement Presentation In this project, the FAST and SAAB are taking a fresh look at the manner in which financial information is presented in an entity statement Of financial position, statement Of comprehensive income, and statement Of cash flows. The revised financial statement format is expected to be more cohesive and split between business (i. E. , operating and investing) and financing activities. This format would largely resemble the current presentation in the statement of cash flows. The intent of requiring a single financial statement presentation is to enhance the usefulness of financial information and increase he comparability and consistency of financial statements within and across entities. Specific changes would include the following: ; Statement of financial position -? Requiring presentation of assets and liabilities by major activity within operating, investing, and financing categories. Statement of comprehensive income -? Requiring a single statement to comprehensive income grouped by using the same categories as those in the statement of financial position; further disaggregating of line items in the statement would be required. ; Statement of cash flows -? Requiring separate presentation of the main cat egories of cash accepts and cash payments for operating activities (i. E. , direct method) rather than reconciliation of net income to net operating cash flows (ii_, indirect method). However, a reconciliation of operating income to net operating cash flows would be required in the notes to the financial statements. ; Notes to the financial statements -? Requiring disclosure Of the rationale used to classify assets and liabilities into categories and sections in the statement Of financial position. In addition, an entity would be required to provide a reconciliation of beginning to ending balances of select assets and liabilities that management deems to be important to understanding the entitys financial position. The FAST and SAAB halted deliberations of their financial statement presentation project, with further consideration not expected before December 2011. While it is clear that changes to financial statement presentation will occur once a final ASSAIL is issued, implications to this case solution are unknown at this point. Case 10-01: Solving, Inc. In December 2010, the FAST and SAAB discussed some of the common themes identified in the feedback received on the new revenue recognition principle that the boards exposed for comment in June 2010. In January 201 1, the boards started retaliations by discussing two fundamental issues raised by constituents: (l) determining when a customer has obtained control to a good or service and (2) separating performance obligations. The boards plan to focus on the remaining issues at future meetings. This project represents a broad reconsideration of the manner in which an entity recognizes and reports information about revenue resulting from contracts with customers, It would supersede most of the current guidance on revenue recognition in US. GAP, with certain exceptions, doing away with the volumes of industry-specific audience that many have been using for years. In its place, entities would apply a broad principle when recognizing revenue for contracts under which goods or services are provided to customers. That broad principle would require an entity to (I) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the distinct performance obligations, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance Obligations, and (5) recognize revenue When the performance obligations are satisfied. On November 14, 201 1, the FAST and SAAB jointly issued their revised exposure draft, Revenue Prom Contracts With Customers. We encourage you to check the FAST and SAAB websites for further details and developments. You can also check Dolomite. Corn for Dolomite publications on proposals and final standards as they are issued Case 10-02: Ideas Impairment In April 201 1 , the FAST issued an exposure draft on testing goodwill for impairment. Under the proposal, entities would have value of the reporting unit (i. E. , step 1 of the goodwill impairment test). If entities determine, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not greater than the carrying amount, a initiative calculation would not be needed. The proposal would not change how goodwill is calculated or assigned to reporting units, nor would it revise the requirement to test goodwill annually for impairment In addition, the proposed guidance does not amend the requirement to test goodwill for impairment between annual tests it events or circumstances warrant: however, it does revise the examples of events and circumstances that an entity should consider. As it relates to this case, Ida would have the option of considering certain qualitative factors to determine Whether it was more likely than not that the fair value Of he reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. This assessment would be based on all facts and circumstances; however, the change in legislation and expected effect on Ideas production may indicate that (1) it is more likely than not that the fair value Of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount and (2) Ida should perform step 1 of the goodwill impairment analysis. Case 10-03: Restructuring Costs The SAAB is currently retaliating amendments to AS 37 to (1) improve the guidance on identifying liabilities, (2) reduce differences between AS 37 and US. GAP, (3) make the recognition requirements consistent with the requirements for other liabilities, and (4) clarify the measurement of liabilities. As it relates to restructuring charges, the proposed amendments would align the accounting for restructuring costs under AS 37 (and termination benefits under AS 19) with ACS 420-10. The June 2005 Exposure Draft stated the following regarding restructuring provisions: AS 37 states that an entity that (a) has a detailed doormat plan tort restructuring and (b) has raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out the restructuring has a constructive obligation. Therefore, it recognizes a provision for the direct expenditures arising from the restructuring, The exposure draft proposes: ; revisiting the application guidance for restructuring provisions to specify that a nonofficial liability for a cost associated with a restructuring is recognized only when the definition of a liability has been satisfied for that cost. Accordingly, a cost associated with a restructuring is recognized as a liability on the same basis as if that cost arose independently of a restructuring. Specific guidance for accounting for costs that are often associated faith a restructuring as follows: o the cost of employee orientation benefits is recognized in accordance with AS 19 Employee Benefits. o a liability for costs that Will continue to be incurred under a contract for its remaining term without equivalent economic benefit to the entity is recognized when the entity ceases using the right conveyed by the contract (in addition to any liability recognized if the contract was previously determined to be onerous). The cost of terminating a contract before the end of its term is recognized when the entity terminates the contract in accordance with the contract terms. The SAAB has indicated that the project will not be discussed again by the Board until the second half of 201 1. Case 10-07: Impaired Abilities The incurred-l oss impairment models in both GAP and FIRST were criticized during the financial crisis for delaying recognition of losses and not incorporating more forwardings inform-nation. To address these concerns, the FAST and the ASSAI (the boards) issued proposals on impairment. The SAAB issued an exposure draft (DE), Financial Instruments: Amortized Cost and Impairment, on November 5, 2009. The comment period ended on June 30, 2010. Under the proposals in the Gibbs DE, the amortized cost of a financial asset would be he present value of the future expected cash flows from the asset as adjusted for expected lifetime credit losses. TO recognize the initially estimated credit losses, entities would reduce the amount of interest revenue recognized on the financial asset by adjusting the effective interest rate Of the asset to reflect the initially expected lifetime credit losses. However, any subsequent changes to the estimate Of lifetime credit losses would be immediately recognized in profit or loss. On May 26, 2010, the FAST issued a proposed ASIA, Accounting for Financial Instruments and Revisions to the Accounting for Derivative Instruments ND Hedging Activities. The comment period ended on September 30, 2010. Lender the proposed ASSAIL, an entity should not apply a probability threshold when determining whether a credit loss exists, That is, in assessing credit impairment, the entity would not wait until a loss is probable before recognizing an impairment loss. Although the entity would not forecast future events or economic conditions that do not exist as of the reporting date in assessing a financial asset for credit impairment, the entity would consider the impact of past events and existing conditions on the current and future collectivity of he cash flows associated with the financial asset, The boards had different objectives for their respective impairment projects. The Abss goal was to ensure that the allowance was sufficient to absorb all expected credit losses, The Saabs goal was to recognize initially expected lifetime credit losses over the life of the asset in accordance with the view that credit loss considerations are a component in the pricing of the asset. In other words, the FAST focused more on the statement of financial position, and the SAAB focused more on earnings. In an effort to converge on improvements to accounting for impairment, on January 1, 2011, the boards proposed a common solution for impairment accounting in the supplementary document (SD) Accounting for Financial Instruments and Revisions to the Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities -? Impairment. The comment period ended on April 1, 2011. Scope The proposals in the SD would apply to (I) loans and debt instruments under LIST. GAP that are managed on an open portfolio basis, provided that they are not measured at fair value With changes in fair value recognized in net income, and (2) financial assets under Fires that are managed on an open-portfolio basis and measured t amortized cost. Good Book Versus Bad Book The SD proposes that, in determining an impairment allowance, an entity differentiate between financial assets managed in a good book and those managed in a bad book, depending on the degree of uncertainty about the collegiality of the cash flows of the financial asset, An asset would be transferred to the bad book when the entire/s screwdrivers management objective changes for that asset from receiving payments from the debtor to recovery of all or a portion of the financial asset. The lifetime expected losses for assets in the good book would be recognized over time, whereas he lifetime expected losses for assets transferred to the bad book would be recognized immediately in profit or loss to the extent that the losses were not already recognized in profit or loss. Impairment -? The Good Book Approach The SD proposes that for financial assets for which it is appropriate to recognize expected credit losses over time (i. E. , the good book), the allowance amount would be determined as the higher of (I) a portion of lifetime expected credit losses determined under a denominational approach and (2) credit losses expected to occur in the foreseeable future (defined in the SD as no less than 2 months after the reporting date). A minimum floor allowance equal to the credit losses expected to occur in the foreseeable future (but no less than 12 months after the reporting date) was included so that a sufficient allowance is recognized for asset classes that experience higher default rates early in the assets life. Impairment -? The Bad Book Approach upon the transfer of an asset from the good book to the bad book, all remaining lifetime expected credit losses would he recognized immediately, Entities that do not manage their credit risk by differentiating assets on the basis of the good book versus bad book arterial outlined in the SD would still be required to differentiate their assets to determine an impairment allowance. Expected Credit Loss Estimates The boards have clarified that the expected credit loss estimate should take into account all intimation available, including internal and external information (e. G. Historical data and current economic conditions as well as reasonable and supportable forec asts of future events and future economic indicators). The estimate of future conditions should be consistent with both currently available information and managements internal forecasts. The estimate of expected credit losses should be updated at least as of each reporting date Entities will need to develop two separate expected-loss estimates: (1) one for the lifetime expected losses under the time-proportional approach and (2) a second for losses expected to occur in the foreseeable future period (at least 12 months after the reporting date) in determining the minimum floor for the allowance under the good book approach. The foreseeable future period is a constant period and would not change from period to period, but it may vary in length among different asset classes depending on he characteristics for each asset class. Next Steps As a result of the general lack Of support for the SD from constituents, in their joint meeting held on May 17-19, 2011 , the boards decided not to pursue the proposed joint impairment approach. The boards will establish a working group consisting of FAST and SAAB members and senior staff to develop a new variation of the proposals. The working group will consider all the feedback received on the original SD proposals of both boards and, after considering various elements of the impairment approaches, will make a recommendation to the boards regarding objectives and baseline models. Case 11-03: Masters of the Universe FIRS Addendum Overview On May 12, 2011 the SAAB issued the following new and amended guidance (the -?package of file) on consolidated financial statements and joint arrangements: ; FIRS 10, which replaces AS 27 and SIC-II ; IVR 12. ; AS 27 (Revised 201 1), which has been amended for the issuance of FIRS 10 but retains the current guidance on separate financial statements. ; AS 28 (Revised 2011), which has been amended for conforming changes on the basis of the issuance of FIRS 10 and FIRS 11. The above package of five now provides the primary source Of IVR guidance for determining when and how to prepare consolidated financial statements. The SAABS Objective in issuing PROS 10 and related guidance was to develop a single source of authoritative guidance on consolidation accounting that focuses on control. FIRS 10 includes a revised definition Of control, including additional application guidance, to make it more comprehensive and to address perceived inconsistencies between AS 27 (which focuses on control) and SIC-12 (which focuses on risks and rewards). FIRS 10 identifies the following three elements of control: ; IP]ewer over the invested. ; [E)exposure, or rights, to variable returns room involvement with the invested. ; [T]he ability to use power over the invested to affect the amount of the investors returns. An investor must possess all three elements to conclude that it controls an invested. The assessment of control is based on all facts and circumstances, and the conclusion is reassessed if there are changes to at least one of the three elements, Under FIRS 10, to have control over an invested, an investor must have not only (1) the power over an invested and exposure or rights to variable returns from its involvement with the invested, but also (2) the ability to use its power over the invested to affect returns from its involvement with the invested. Furthermore, the reporting entity shall conduct the assessment of control I PROS 10 retains AS TTS presumption that an entity that holds more than half of the voting rights in another entity has the power to direct its activities, but it also clarities that a reporting entity can have the power to direct the activities of another entity even if it holds less than half of the voting rights of that entity. This could occur when a reporting entity with less than half of the voting rights nevertheless has more voting rights than any Other party, and those voting sights are sufficient to give the reporting entity the ability to determine the entities strategic operating and financing policies. Joint Control FIRS II defines a joint arrangement as an -?arrangement of which two or more parties have joint control and clarifies that joint control exists only when -?decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties that control the arrangement collectively.. Note that this concept of joint control includes control by more than two parties, but not when decisions may be reached by more than one combination of those parties. Potential Voting Rights FIRS 10 further requires an investor to also consider potential voting rights held either by itself or by other parties. Paragraph BBS) of FIRS 10 indicates that potential voting rights are considered only when they are substantive and -?alone, or in combination with other rights, can give an investor the current ability to direct the relevant activities, Considerations for this Case Conceptually, the characteristics of a Primary Beneficiary under ACS 810 discussed above and a controlling entity under FIRS 10 are substantially the same, Saturn decision making power with Edgar to the -?design, manufacturing, pricing, sales and distribution of clothing, its equity holdings and the fact that the areas over which it has control are clearly those areas that determine operating performance and, hence, return on investment, would result in its being considered the controlling entity under international standards as well. Current Status of the Consolidations Project -? June 201 1 The consolidations project began as a joint project between the FAST and ASSAI to develop improved, converged consolidation standards that would apply to all entities (i. E. Variable interest entities (VIES), voting interest entities, and investment companies). However, the boards ultimately decided not to converge on all aspects Of this topic, mainly because Of differences Of opinion on -?control with less than a majority of the voting rights and the consideration of -?potential voting rights-II For the SAAB, the project resulted in the issuance of new consolidation guidance in May 2011 (see discussion below and in the beginning of this addendum).

Monday, November 25, 2019

Lioness With Anger Issues Professor Ramos Blog

Lioness With Anger Issues Summer of 2011. All twenty two girls are ready for blood. Well not literally blood, but you know, just the championship title. The girls playing in the first half jog to the field and get in their rightful positions while they wait for the referee. I quickly get down on one knee, silently say a little prayer, and quickly get up stretching my legs and arms one last time. And then, â€Å"BEEP† ! It starts, the opposite team has the ball and I know today is the day I have to score a goal, I need to be known as one of the top dogs of the team. Time goes by and the only thing I’ve done is throw ins and a couple kicks which is no good. Two of my new teammates have already scored and I’m happy but I want that small moment of glory for myself. The whistle gets blown which means that the first forty five minutes have ended. As I make my way onto the sideline I see my dad look at me with a â€Å" Is that really the best you can do on the field?† type of face. I just look down and reach my hand out for my water. I know I could do better but those girls are huge; like seriously, they’re about ‘5,6’, they look like they weigh more than 100lbs., their legs have a ton of well shaped muscles, and they bodyslam us with so much ease. My 12 year old, 65lbs.,’4,8’ self can’t do much against them. But my dad who played soccer for 20 years and almost made it professionally didn’t see that as an excuse. After about 5 minutes we all got back in our positions and we were ready to play again. Time is going by so fast and my teammates are getting ambushed. Luckily they see me and send me the ball. I brought the ball down with my leg and I start running like a madman. I had outrun the defense and I was beyond ready to score. As I paused and pulled my leg back I decided to shoot towards the upper left corner and as I brought my leg forward a force pushed me down to the ground. I looked up to see my opponent smirkin g at me and falsely said, â€Å"oops†. I picked myself up and quickly began to gently twist my ankle to relieve the pain We ended up losing 3-2 which wasn’t so bad for the first day of the tournament but it didn’t matter to me. All I wanted at that point was to get my revenge on that girl for taking my moment of glory and to make my dad proud of his oldest daughter following his athletic footsteps. So this is how I was helped by an opponent and my dad to bring out my â€Å"angrier† side to the game of soccer. The following day I was woken up at 8 in the morning by my dad. When I asked him why he said, â€Å"You look like a stick and if you want to be one of the best then you have to look your best.† He grabbed two squarish bean bags and drove me to the mountains. When we arrived he handed them to me and told me to put them on my feet. Confused I took them and noticed that they were both heavy; after putting them on I couldn’t pick my legs up as much as I wanted to. The 15lbs. weights were dreadful but my dad knew best so I slowly began jogging. And from then on that is how my excessive workouts began. At first my legs felt like noodles but after about 2 months I began to see the difference. My legs began to look buff which made me feel powerful but I was still being pushed down so we took my workouts even further. My dad would grab my boxing bag and he told me to run into it. I hated that workout so much because I couldn’t move my dad, not even an inch away from wher e he stood. But as I kept getting pushed by my dad and my opponents, I felt something bubbling inside me. When my dad came home and rested and a little while later he told me once again to get ready to push the bag. I looked at that bag with tiredness; my arm hurt and I didn’t feel like it would move. And I was right. Defeated, I told my dad that I didn’t want to workout and I went back inside the apartment and began to change for my soccer game later on in the afternoon. I was dreading the game because it was the same team that had the girl who pushed me down and I didn’t want to be humiliated in front of the audience and my team. It was dark and cold later on that day but I enjoyed that feeling. It made me relax for a little before the game started and I hoped that she wouldn’t be on my side. Luck was not on my side but I couldn’t complain so I just began looking towards her direction thinking of how I would be able to avoid her but nothing came to my mind. The lights turn on top of the field and all the girls were ready for the game. It was important for our team to win because we wanted so badly to make it to the finals. Once again all the girls aligned themselves on the fields and we waited for the signal. When the referee blew the whistle we all put our attention towards our rivals. We began pressuring and defending and keeping the ball in our possession as much as we could. Sadly, we weren’t doing as well but our desire kept us pushing. During the game I received the ball but I wasn’t able to give it to another player so I took it by myself. I dodged the midfielder and as I g ot closer to the goal post I noticed my last obstacle: her. The same person who had stolen my moment of glory. I panicked for a moment but then I got the bubbling feeling inside me again; and I looked at her with a sudden anger that I think I might have even snarled at her. I ran towards her and dodged her but she was able to keep up with me. She began pushing me little by little and I could hear her laughing every time I almost lost my balance. Hearing her laugh just pushed me to my limit. I slowed down a bit to be aligned with her and then I started pushing her. Somehow little me began to actually move her away from me. After pushing her she finally fell down and it took me by surprise. I heard my team scream, â€Å"There you go Susy, run, keep running.† Taking the ball up the field felt amazing at the moment; I was smiling like crazy. Unfortunately the whistle blew, indicating that I was outside, but it didn’t matter to me. Jogging back I realized that being angry f or a second helped me bring out my inner strength. Being seen as weak and tiny gave me a sense of aggression that helped me defy my opponents. The game ended with us tying and going into penalty kicks. Our best players went to the middle of the field while the rest of us stayed on the sidelines. Nobody said a word behind us as the girls, one by one would go up to the white circled grass where the ball was placed. Their goalie was able to block 2 of the goals which led to our defeat. Our girls came back to our side, trying not to cry and aligned themselves and we all walked down the mid field shaking the hands of the opponents. Our season had come to an end and even though we received third place, the girls all saw a growth in each and everyone of us. I was proud of the way I could hold my head up high and not cowering away from opponents even with a big difference in height and weight. I continued playing for teams until freshman year of high school. Junior year of high school I moved to a new school where I was able to impress the coaches by getting hit by a ball in the face and getting a bloody nose and still wanting to play. When giving the scrimmage shirts back my new coach asked me, â€Å" How tall are you?†, and I said â€Å" I’m 4’11.† which made him laugh. â€Å" Aren’t you afraid of the other girls? We go up against girls who are about a foot taller than you.† I laughed and shook my head â€Å"Nope I’m not scared of the height difference, that doesn’t make you good at soccer, the skills do,† I said to him. When tryouts ended I was chosen almost automatically. I don’t think I was chosen for being able to score because I never did score but I think my coach saw the potential and the determination I had when it came to every game. Being put against the biggest girls and seeing the way they would look at me was my favorite part because it usually took them by surprise when I was able to take them down so easily. With some girls it took more effort and sometimes I’d be the one that would end up down on the ground. As the season progressed, one of my teammates came up to me and asked, â€Å"Hey Susy, do you have anger issues? I see the way you go crazy whenever they get near you and try to get the ball.† I laughed and told her that I don’t have anger issues but that I out of the blue do get mad whenever they get near me and that became what I was known for. My closest friends and teammates gave me the nickname of â€Å"Leona† which means lioness, for my sudden anger that would take over and for my puffy hair. Growing up as tiny as I was and still am isn’t really fun because I’m always getting asked about it but I don’t mind it as much. When it comes to soccer I realized that the best players aren’t always the ones that are huge giants but the ones that are tiny. We’re super fast, we can dodge people better and we can easily get in front of other players with ease. And even though I’m looked down upon I’ll secretly enjoy it because it’ll just trigger the lioness from her slumber with a desire to feast on her prey.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Writting paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Writting paper - Essay Example It is in this regard that this essay aims to present what the concept of culture is. Further, this paper would delve into the influence of this concept to perceptions of health and illness in the health care profession. Finally, a determination of the importance of understanding culture when planning health care would also be identified. Delaune and Ladner (388) in their book on Fundamentals of Nursing defined culture as â€Å"knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, habits, customs, languages, symbols, rituals, ceremonies, and practices that are unique to a particular group of people†. Simple folks ordinarily know culture as a way of life. the roles and responsibilities of nursing evolving continuously, a conceptual framework to better understand the effects of cultures on health care was developed by Dr. Madeleine Leininger in her transcultural nursing theory. Dr. Leininger stated Culturally competent care can only occur when culture care values are known and serve as the foundation for meaningful care.† The assumptions incorporated in this theory are: (1) every culture has some kind of system for health care that is based on values and behavior of people; and (2) cultures have certain methods for providing health care often unknown to nurses from other cultures. (Delaune and Ladner 403) The relevance of understanding the concept of diversity in culture is of utmost importance to the nursing profession due to the different profiles of patients they administer health care to. Profiles of patients are incorporated in the culture of their specific countries. Their expectations to the delivery of patient care also depend on the orientations they are accustomed to in their respective countries. Delaune and Ladner (389) presented distinct characteristics of culture which exist among cultural groups and among individuals within a single culture, to wit: (1) culture is learned and taught; (2) culture is

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Discussion 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion 1 - Essay Example These are the components that make up the content of art piece. Therefore, content can then be defined as the significance of the art components in a visual rendering. Clear examples of these definitions can be seen in the Catalonia painting collection of Rebecca Crowell which clearly depicts the strong formation of the painting and the content that comes to the fore once the brain has had time to absorb the lines, drawings, and scratches that make up the content of her colorful art work. The relationship between the content and form of the painting is what our eyes see as art. These two components combine to create a thought process in our minds pertaining to the overall effect of the visual qualities as seen in the painting. The two cannot be separated because the form of the painting is what we see while the content is the meaning of what we see as interpreted by our minds. Although the message of a painting in terms of content and form are believed to be timeless, the interpretation of the viewer tends to change over the years. This can be attributed to the fact that people learn more about the background and influences of the artist and his state of mind at the time the painting was created, thus changing any interpretation or understanding that future generations may have about the art work. However the original interpretation shall always stand the test of time as the baseline interpretation of an artists work. Your definition pertaining to content and form is certainly succinct. It is a clear definition that can easily be understood by any lay reader. However, I beg to differ with you in terms of your view that whenever form changes, content changes as well. There have been other painters such as the Kleophon Painter who painted the same content in various forms throughout time. He painted many Red Figure Attic vases while sticking to specific genres. These themes included, Greek mythology, domestic themes, and paintings of warriors. Although he

Monday, November 18, 2019

Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television(TRT) Research Paper

Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television(TRT) - Research Paper Example They include, TRT 1 (general), TRT 2 (culture and art) and TRT 3 (youth channel with sports and music programs and live broadcasts from the Turkish National Grand Assembly at definite hours). All together the paper focuses on the television news power discourse that is state-owned, significantly presenting an essentialist image of identity which does not echo the complexity of the members of the public it claims to describe. This research addresses the power of the media, through a number of practices in the selected 3 recent television news broadcast in TRT which clearly shows that TRT is not an objective television, it is serving for the power not public, not free from bias. This is for the purposes of expanding the boundaries for enclosure of the members of the public. Introduction In the present day, there is need to gather, formulate information on the regulation, ownership, accessibility, performance in addition to projections for creating broadcast amendments. The significant factor for undertaking this research is to contribute to the Turkish consolidation. Many nations have made significant achievements in creating democratic systems of governance based on popular control of the media and whereby members of the public are provided with information without bias. ... Such amendments arise from developing global standards on the subject of media and news media particularly. In its straightforward definition of public broadcasting service is a broadcaster that provides services to the members of the public entirely and is responsible to the members of the public in general. In spite of that, in most scenarios the term public broadcaster is in actual fact regarded as a state broadcaster. This research targets to enable the process of giving support to turning of TRT (Turkish Radyo and Television) into public broadcasters worthy of the name. The research on Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television (TRT) begins from the hypothesis that growth and democracy cannot succeed devoid of open and free public space where all factors concerning lives of the members of an audience can be made public and debated. This means that the members of the public can get a chance to play a role in making decisions in the society and the country at larg e via TRT. According to Amartya Sen, a Nobel Prize Laureate, democracy is â€Å"governance by dialogue†. Sen describes democracy as implemented by the media as governing by means of dialogue where broadcasters are ideally placed to make this dialogue process possible by offering the space for it. This is based on whether their services are available, self-regulating, and reliable and open to the complete range of varying views (Hampton & Roemer, 21). Subsequent to this hypothesis, the significant goal of this research is to find out whether and to what extent news broadcasting on TRT can and do create this kind of free public space with distinctive focus given to the selected 3 recent

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Fully Understanding The Arian Controversy Religion Essay

Fully Understanding The Arian Controversy Religion Essay The church has battled throughout its history with various Heresies and controversies, which in essence have partly defined the path that the church has taken. A perfect example is Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria and his bold stand against Arianism. Without which todays orthodox faith may have drifted into paganism and found itself more of a philosophy than a life saving religion The message of salvation was on the line. The Arians believed that Jesus was not God, but instead a created being, where Athanasius knew that for salvation to be realised, Jesus must be both fully God and fully human, of the same substance as God, and always being, not created. The importance of this stance could not be overstated as it would affect all aspects of Christian belief and society. Athanasius stand cost him dearly spending many years in exile on 5 different occasions, but his determination to stand for what he believed was absolute truth eventually triumphed. His stand maintained the church as an instrument of salvation, separate from the control of secular power. It is through the example of Athanasius life and costly fight for truth that we learn the importance of identifying todays critical issues and standing firm in this present difficult age. Introduction To fully understand the Arian Controversy and the depth of involvement for Athanasius, the Bishop of Alexandria  [1]  , one only has to follow his life story, as the history of the Arian Controversy is entwined throughout it.  [2]  The life of Athanasius is so dominated by the combat of this heresy, that the rise and fall of the Arian Controversy was a reflection of the life and security of this theological giant. In this essay the Author shall attempt to examine the relationship between Athanasius and his passionate fight against the Arian heresy. In so doing one must firstly understand the Controversy, secondly have knowledge of the Key players, and what they so passionately believed and fought for, and finally to consider how learnings from these past battles can be applied today. Section1: The Arian Controversy The Arian Controversy was birthed through a man named Arius (250  [3]  -336AD)  [4]  born in Libya.  [5]  A very popular and prestigious presbyter of the Baucalis Church,  [6]  in the city of Alexandria.  [7]  Arius intention was to protect the status of a unique God, the only being to have always been and neither has another ever existed with the same standing nor made of the same matter.  [8]  However the controversy finds an earlier conception through Origen,  [9]  probably the greatest Christian theologian of the early church.  [10]   Origens understanding of the Trinity was three distinct beings firmly united into one, God the Creator of all, the eternal Son Christ and the Holy Spirit. However it was his comments regarding the subordination of both Christ  [11]  and the Holy Spirit to the Father, which influenced some of those who followed him to accept subordinationism  [12]  and finally Arianism. This belief along with a number of other popular heresies and schisms built a foundation and lead into to what is now known as the Arian controversy. Around the year 318AD  [13]  Arius began to spread his views on the relationship between God and Christ,  [14]  one being the uncreated Father without a beginning, who bore a Son with a beginning.  [15]  The Word (Logos) became flesh as the man Jesus Christ (John 1:14), but Arius argued, He was not made of the same nature nor substance as God the Father, neither eternal nor omnipotent, and therefore was a lesser being.  [16]  In Arius appeal to the highly influential Eusebius, the bishop at Nicomedia  [17]  he wrote The Son has a beginning, but God is without beginning.  [18]  Arius postulated that Jesus Christ was a created Being, the first and the greatest ever created,  [19]  but still only a form of creation, not the Creator.  [20]  This is further seen in a common phrase that would eventually become the Arian motto, There was, when He was not At this time (early in the fourth century) in church history, the theorys and ideas surrounding the divinity of Christ were still up in the air so to speak, and the church had no set way to officialise doctrine or determine what was an acceptable belief.  [21]  So it was, when Alexander the bishop of Alexandria clashed over several issues with Arius, the most important being whether the Word of God, was co-eternal with God.  [22]   In 320AD Alexander took decisive action, clearly declaring his belief in the Sons, being consubstantial and coeternal with the Father,  [23]  following which he brought together a council of local bishops, condemning the views of Arius  [24]  and deposing him in 321AD.  [25]  Arius, appealed both to the local populace and some prominent bishops  [26]  from the eastern side of the empire,  [27]  who in turn supported him. Arius return to Alexandria,  [28]  resulted in demonstrations and riots in the streets,  [29]  further threatening a division of the entire eastern church,  [30]  causing Constantine; the first fully attested Christian Emperor,  [31]  to intervene. In 325AD  [32]  , Constantine called the first Ecumenical (Universal or worldwide) Council in Nicea  [33]  to settle the matter of the Arian Debate.  [34]  This historic meeting not only had the Emperor Constantine present but it is also claimed in ancient chronicles that 318 bishops  [35]  were also in attendance.  [36]  The Arian party was led by Eusebius of Nicomedia  [37]  and the opposition was headed by Alexander bishop of Alexandria notably supported by a young deacon named Athanasius  [38]  his eventual successor and champion of Nicene orthodoxy.  [39]   The Arian debate was distilled to the addition or subtraction of one iota. Was Christ Homousios (i.e. of the same essence as God) or the Arian stand Homoiousios (i.e. of similar essence with God)?  [40]  In what has been described as a decision of immeasurable importance in the history of the church,  [41]  Arianism was rejected,  [42]  in the clearest way possible,  [43]  and after debate, the condemnation of Arius pronounced by the bishop Alexandria was upheld,  [44]  resulting in Arius being anathematized and banished with two companions to Illyria.  [45]  Furthermore for clarity of belief, and complete rejection of Arianism, it was decided that a common creed needed to be developed and unanimously agreed upon.  [46]  Eusebius of Caesarea presented his own creed,  [47]  which was adopted with some changes strengthening the rejection of the Arianism heresies.  [48]  This creed known as the Creed of Nicaea  [49]  became the basis of the Nicene Creed still used in todays churches.  [50]   This should have ended the Arian controversy but it soon reappeared with the emperor ordering the church to reverse Arius condemnation, and readmit him. This introduced a new church issue, the interference of the state (emperor) in church affairs. Instead of persecution, the church had to deal with instruction from a secular authority. We also start to see the true grit of Athanasius, and his willingness to stand for truth despite the negative consequences to his own life. Section 2: Athanasius, The Black Dwarf Champion of Nicene Orthodoxy. Athanasius (296 373 AD),  [51]  seemed to be a man surrounded by controversy. In his time as archbishop of Alexandria,  [52]  he was exiled no less than five times. His controversial standing centred around his use of Episcopal authority,  [53]  as well as the famous alleged assassination of a fellow bishop of a rival group  [54]  which was dramatically found to be false.  [55]  It was Athanasius lot, that his fortunes would ride the waves of rejection and popularity of the cause (The Arian controversy) he so diligently fought against throughout his life. His stance against the heresy that plagued his defence of Christianity fashioned his life. He is credited in history  [56]  as one who stood alone for the truth, against the forces of heresy,  [57]  and is to have stated his famous defiance, Athanasius Against the World.  [58]   Athanasius who was noted as being so dark and short of stature, was known to his enemies as The Black Dwarf,  [59]  the man seen above all others as being opposed to Arianism and to be feared the most.  [60]  He was also known as the champion of Nicene orthodoxy, seen as one of the great fathers of the fourth century,  [61]  and is also credited as one of the most renown theologians of the early church,  [62]  amongst other greats such as Clement and Origen.  [63]   Three key issues of concern for Athanasius were within the religious, social, and political realms. His gravest concern was the Arian core argument regarding the full deity of Jesus Christ and the theology of the Trinity. Athanasius stance on the trinity, was deeply rooted upon his beliefs on creation and salvation, effectively focusing debate on a biblical and theological basis steering it away from philosophical speculation.  [64]  In the Arian debate, Athanasius could clearly see that Christianity was at the brink of becoming a form of paganism.  [65]  If Jesus was not declared Homousios, then Christianity would have worshiped two Gods, and Jesus would not have been a worthy sacrifice for our sins.  [66]  Athanasius saw Salvation was on the line,  [67]  Jesus needed to be both fully human to atone for the sin of man, and fully divine, as none other could have the power to save humanity. This duel nature of Christ was paramount, as without it the Salvation of humani ty would be impossible.  [68]   The second major issue was in the realm of politics. At this time Christianity had just emerged from a period of major persecution by the secular powers  [69]  to a time in which it was the dominant religion. However, Christianity had in reality moved from secular persecution to secular control by the Emperor  [70]  of the day.  [71]  The Arian controversy was a great example of a shift in foci with Athanasius now finding himself opposing the Emperor over religious issues. This resulted in five periods of exile and reinstatement,  [72]  based on either a change in emperor or the clichà © closet to the emperor at the time.  [73]  Subsequently the church found its role degraded away from its real role of pointing mankind to salvation in Christ, rather becoming a tool of the emperor used to achieve his own ends. Consequently, church issues and doctrines were not being decided by the religious elite debating each issue, instead key decisions (e.g. Arian controversy) were made by secular rulers under petition.  [74]  Furthermore, church decisions were subject to being over ruled by the state to suit the whims of the emperor.  [75]  Throughout this period Athanasius established and fought for the principle of church separation from the state, retaining the churchs focus and mission on the good news of Christ. The third issue faced by Athanasius was in the social sphere This arose through the emperor Constantines legitimate concerns with the volatility of the Arian dispute, its magnitude and potential to tear apart the entire eastern church.  [76]  Constantine recognised the importance and role of a united church holding together the fabric of a decaying Roman society. This was his hope and means of ensuring Romes survival, but a divided and embittered church would seal the fate of weary empire.  [77]  So it was that Constantine called together the first worldwide assembly of Christian bishops to deal with these issues amongst other things.  [78]  His stance regarding the social impact of a divided church was clear as he addressed the bishops before the council stating Division in the church was worse than war.  [79]   Athanasius refused to condone violence to achieve his goals. This was shown during a confrontation with rival bishop Gregory which escalated into violence. Athanasius response was to remove himself from the city in order to avoid further bloodshed.  [80]  Athanasius pastoral heart recognised the danger Arianism would bring to society, and that those who opposed Arianism would once again face persecution,  [81]  (only this time it would come from within). Athanasius also realised that Christianitys endpoint under Arianism was paganism leading to the demise of both social and moral standards as the Christian faith decayed to the depth of other pagan religions.  [82]   Section 3: Applying these lessons in todays society The issues which arose in Athanasius day are seen again today, challenging Christians across all nations to varying degrees. The three main areas of conflict faced by Athanasius and Christians today, are as follows. The first issue Christians face today is that of religious heresy. The many denominations now found under the Protestant banner demonstrates the splintering of the church into multiple denominations, further giving rise to cults barely related to the original Christian message.  [83]  Even the Arian controversy itself has re-surfaced in a modified form with the emergence of the Jehovah Witnesses.  [84]  One learns from Athanasius that even with insurmountable odds, someone must stand in the gap for truth, despite the cost it may have on your very being. Athanasius showed that one must persist until the end, to not only ensure truth is victorious, but that unity of the body of Christ is achieved. Looking at Athanasius stand, it is observed that he never gave up on the church body, despite overwhelming odds opposing him. Athanasius worked within the existing church structure, resisting the temptation to start his own religious theological group. This resulted in the survival of the ancient church, giving Christians of this present day a functional theological base to build upon. Todays second issue encompasses the relationship between church and state. This battle is being played out across the world. Christians in many western countries have formed specifically Christian political parties,  [85]  based upon the Christian stance and influencing government policy where possible.  [86]  Globally we see countries like Communist China and the old Russia where the government took an active role in trying to discredit and eliminate religion  [87]  through persecution and unjust laws. Unable to defeat the church of Christ some adopted a policy of offering religious freedom with harsh restrictions under the tight control of the government.  [88]  We learn through Athanasius trials, the dangers of mixing politics and religion, with the corruption and misuse of the church which can come from such a union. Today we face the seeds of secular intervention in Christian belief and activity with Australias recent discrimination and vilification laws having t he potential to silence the church. The final lesson deals with the society or community in which Christians live. Constantine saw that the unity of the Christians could hold the fabric of the Roman Empire together, and Christians may exert a similar influence today. The gradual decay of present society towards a collapse in its social moral character is evident with the increasing occurrence of problematic behaviours (in societal terms) such as abortion, child and spousal abuse, and euthanasia (in some western countries). From a Christian stance, moral indicators such as divorce, suicide and problem pregnancies are also increasing in frequency. Some indicators show a decreasing difference between secular society and the Christian community as Christian beliefs are influenced and eroded. The past reveals that to avert social disaster, Christians need to be unified, offering stable standards and clear beliefs tempered with peace, hope and love to the communities and nations in which they live: Offering Christ as the rea l alternative to modern paganism. Athanasius demonstrates that the church must get back to its roots and be a vessel of good news, offering Salvation to mankind. Conclusion The church would do well to look back on the life of Athanasius and learn from the lessons that this great man of God teaches. Although the works of Athanasius hold an important place in the history of Christianity, it is more the Life and stance of Athanasius which speaks volumes to Christians throughout the ages. It was Athanasius tireless and fearless stand against the Arianism which earned him the title Champion of Nicene orthodoxy. Against seemingly insurmountable odds, Athanasius opposed heretical change, battling both the hierarchy of church and state. The tenacity and vision of one man, refusing to recant his theological stance on Christs deity and the role of the church, established and impacted the churchs direction to this day. In most Western countries the protestant church is independent of the states influence  [89]  with a primary focus stayed true around the message of Christ bringing salvation through his deity and subsequent efficacy of his substitutionary sacrifice.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Effective Communication :: essays research papers

Effective communication is vital in teaching. Fento standards encourage teachers to â€Å"select and organise relevant information clearly and concisely†¦ present information to learners clearly and in an appropriate format†¦Use a range of communication skills and methods appropriate to specific learners and to the subject being studied. (www.fento.org) The necessary information that we as practitioners are trying to impart to our learners needs to be transmitted in such a way as to eliminate as many barriers or elements of interference as possible. However there can be numerous factors which hinder the message that we are trying to convey. This is concisely encapsulated by Petty â€Å"The â€Å"check and correct† phase also provides vital feedback for the teacher. Is learning taking place? Am I teaching too quickly? Are they doing it properly? The importance of this feedback cannot be over-stressed.† (Page 30) Petty here was recognising that a common barrier to learning is that the receiver may interpret the message that we send in their own way, according to their common frames of reference, which may be different from ours as the sender. An easy trap for us as practitioners to fall in is the use of â€Å"jargon†. There may be terms or words that we may use regularly and are comfortable using, however, some of our learners may not have experienced or even understand these terms. To help to minimise this confusion Reece and Walker suggest that â€Å"Non verbal signals – or even verbal signals, from the students should give us valuable feedback on the quality of communications.† (Page 271) Therefore we as practitioners must be vigilant in recognising the subtle or even not so subtle feedback on whether the information that we have imparted to the learners has been received in the context that it was sent. This may even include a question and answer session to determine understanding. The effective design and use of conventional and ICT learning materials. The availability of new types of resources and new types of interaction can satisfy different learning preferences and present alternative ways of accessing the same information. Reece and Walker (page 181) â€Å"A good aid is one which does a particular job to assist in the learning of a particular topic for a particular group of learners. But all learners are different. So, what works for one group does not necessarily work with another.† Therefore, we must continue to evaluate any resources that we may design and create that it is appropriate for the purpose, each student’s learning style, ability and understanding.

Monday, November 11, 2019

With Detailed Analysis of the Return of the Soldier

Victorian literature superficial beauty is disapproved of, in this case Kitty; who represents the order of pre-war Edwardian England, an order destroyed by the war in the excuse of Chris' illness. West swiftly moves the novel along as Chris slowly retrieves his memory; Kitty Is a very devoted wife who when realizing that Chris has forgotten her and is yearning another, she in turn feels empowered which makes him feel conflicted and confused. He finds comfort and confides in his cousin Jenny who is the first person narrator.HIS shell-shock caused him to go fifteen years back In his memory, and to vive In a time where he was most content and In love with Margaret -? his ex love. It seems that as he retrieves his memory and the more he remembers, the more difficult it becomes for Kitty. The characteristics of shell shock prove it difficult for Margaret, Kitty, and Jenny to come to terms with. West's portrayal of all three women is first person, as West writes of the relationship between Jenny (West herself), Kitty- the wife of Jenny's cousin Chris, and Margaret, who was the love of Chris' life before he went to war.Jenny is portrayed in the novel as being quite poetic, In the sense that she's very aware of her own environment and tauter as references are frequently used such as â€Å"in the old days a fat fist would certainly have been raised to point out the new translucent glories of the rose- buds† (P. II). From Jenny's descriptive interpretations, such as this, it appears as though everything In her life is beautiful. However, as the novel develops we notice that these observations can also be quite dark. As with â€Å"because a lost Zeppelin sometimes clanks like a skeleton across the sky above us† (P. 5) and again with â€Å"All the inhabitants of this new tract of time were his enemies, all its circumstances his prison bars. † (P. 62). It can be said Jenny's prose was reflective of particular moods she was In during the course of the no vel. Jenny Is presented as kind, caring, shrewd and quietly observant, yet wary, perhaps justifiably. Jenny sits in a quandary between FIFO near emotions toward K Ana Margaret. Consequently, seen Tints It problematic Ana resorts to oxymoron's, such as â€Å"He wore a dreadful decent smile† (P. 187) referring to Chris when Margaret presents him with some of his son's belongings.In conclusion to the analysis of Jenny, she is the person in an awkward situation whereby she feels duty-bound to maintain the status-quo between the other parties. In other words, all she really wants is for everyone else to be happy regardless of her own feelings. Jenny as the narrator could be described as the keeper of everyone else's secrets, the trustworthy and dependable character whom people could confide in. Kitty is the second woman in the novel who has a completely different character. Although she doesn't come across as vain, Jenny never ceases to describe Kitty's beauty and appearance.Jenny doesn't fully describe her own true feelings about Kitty which makes it difficult for the reader to fully analyses Kitty's character. Early in Chapter One we are shown how Jenny portrays Kitty and how Jenny is treated by Kitty. It is apparent that Kitty is often quite demanding of Jenny, for example, â€Å"Come here, Jenny. I'm going to dry my hair† (P. 1 1), and on passing Jenny a tortoise-shell hairbrush, â€Å"Give it a brush now and then like a good soul. But be careful. Tortoise snaps so† (P. 12). Kitty almost treats Jenny like a servant, and Jenny is always accommodating.There is no reference made to Kitty ever having done any work, although West makes a strong point about Chris' father having acquired Baldly Court ND after his death Jenny informs us that Chris had Baldly Court re-built. Chris was more than financially capable of managing the property. Throughout the novel Kitty is portrayed by Jenny as being rather selfish, conceited, self-absorbed and contempt uous of the lower classes, which comes to the reader's attention when Kitty encounters Margaret. Jenny herself first Judges Margaret by her appearance â€Å"Her body was long and round and shapely' (P. 5) and â€Å"She was repulsively furred with neglect and poverty, as even a good glove that has dropped down behind a bed in a hotel and has lain undisturbed for a day or two† (P. 5) this represents the class difference but it seems it was Kitty's influence on Jenny's attitude that shaped Jenny's opinion of Margaret at first glance. It's apparent that Kitty is very superficial. Essentially Kitty couldn't understand for the life of her why Chris would want to be with Margaret when such a pretty woman like herself was available for him.The era has a lot to do with the novel, with regard to social status which was very prevalent at the time; a way in which social class is explored in the novel is through Margaret. Even though Margaret is first portrayed as a beggar in the novel i nstead of a sincere Oman with moral principles, Jenny assumed she was groveling and says â€Å"in which this woman butted like a clumsy animal at a gate she was not intelligent enough to open† (P. 31) here Margaret is compared to a dog, useless and inept.Again we see an example of Kitty's attitude towards who she considers to be of lower order where she says Mimi have read in the Harrow Observer or somewhere that my husband is at the front, and you have come to tell this story because you think that you will get some money. Vive read of such cases in the papers. † (P. 33) consequently as a result of Kitty attitude, Jenny felt as indifferent towards Margaret as Kitty did. Margarita's overall demeanor is one of a person who is polite, well-mannered, intelligent, caring, considerate and genuine.As we know Margaret is married as with â€Å"l suppose I ought to say that he isn't right in his head and I'm married-but Oh! † (P. 95). As the novel develops we can see Tana t Margaret Is ten savior AT snarls Ana Trot ten Sleekness AT her heart goes out of her way to be of assistance in his recovery. The class difference is highlighted indirectly when Margaret says cried Margaret, glowing. â€Å"She just have a lovely nature† (P. 96) she had no malice towards Kitty even after Kitty treated her no differently to one of her servants in Baldly Court, and this in effect shows Margarita's sincere nature.Although all three women struggle to understand Chris' predicament, Kitty was proven to be everything the reader interprets her to be, pompous with delusions of grandeur. Conversely, Jenny is the third party balancing between her cousin's wife and his ex lover who innocently sets out to please everyone. Margaret inevitably is concerned for Chris' health and recovery, and is the mediator at the end who suggests presenting Chris with belongings of his dead son, having lost a son herself of the same age as Oliver.Kitty's negative attitude persists through the novel but doesn't affect Margaret. When the items of Chris' dead son are shown to him by Margaret, his distant and cloudy outcome that has been created from his experiences of war suddenly disappear and he is â€Å"cured† of his amnesia and he returns to reality. Along with his recovered memory he puts Margaret in his past and now remembers Kitty as his wife so in turn the emotional interactions of characters in the story change. The irony is that all three women lost a person that they each Ovid in different ways.Keith Douglas Unary 24, 1920 – June 9, 1944), was an English poet who is known for his war poetry during World War II. Undeniably after reading The Complete Poems I get the impression that he has a negative attitude towards women. Additionally from researching his early days it is apparent that his mother struggled financially, and there is no mention of his father. I personally think that after reading about his ex partner Whinnying who refused to take his hand in marriage, and his failed relationship with Millennia Guttered Penny, may well have distorted his view of women which is sometimes reflected in his poetry.A reference to this assumption can be found in the poem ‘Cairo Jag' whereby Douglas is in a brothel and the poem opens with the line, â€Å"Shall I get drunk or cut myself a piece of cake†. His use of the term â€Å"piece of cake† in reference to the prostitutes around him adds to his obvious misogyny. He seems to suggest that women are deluded in thinking they are something they're not and uses very negative language towards them such as the women he sees on the streets of Cairo, â€Å"The women offering their children brown- paper breasts dry and twisted, elongated like the skull, Holiness's signature.At this point the poem sounds more like a rant, as if Douglas is disgusted rather than sympathetic for these women in such a state of poverty. The portrayal of women or in this case â€Å"woman† in an Egyptian Tea Garden, firstly she is seen as a fish. It is said the fish represents Christianity, and that different fish symbolism different things, but the fish in general holds a range of different symbolic meanings including femininity, eternity, happiness, creativity and knowledge. This is the essence of the poem; the fish is how the woman is presented. The poem is about a Dialectal woman Ana near power to seduce Ana annulated men AT any age.Douglas appears to be trying to demonstrate that woman have power too; The author uses metaphors and similes by comparing the woman â€Å"as a white stone† which represents purity, and men as fish â€Å"A cotton magnate/†¦ A crustacean† to show how man's behavior is like that of any other animal species or as conventional as fish. The poem could be arranged into four segments. The first stanza introduces the â€Å"sly' woman and her purposeful position as â€Å"she draws down the fish†. Douglas describes t he woman moving along into section two it is clear that it describes the witnesses which are men, and section three discloses which man she picks.The first section of the poem has a reasonably gentle tone which is maintained through the whole poem, describing a very beautiful woman. The second stanza introduces the second speaker of the poem which is the most â€Å"important fish†. Part two is sarcastic but natural, mixing the duties of the male with oceanic life. The third stanza introduces the men who gaze on the woman's beauty. It has a very strong, bitter undertone. It shows the woman is concerned with the wealth of the man she chooses rather than is beauty or personal qualities.The fourth stanza switches back to the original speaker of the poem and concludes the woman's choice to which one of the men she chooses or does not choose. The manner of the poem varies in the different sections and begins with a most intriguing title- â€Å"Behavior of Fish in an Egyptian Tea-G arden† which sounds somewhat like a documentary and quite disconnected, dry, cold and formal. The tone of the poem is interesting throughout, Douglas uses soft and delicate language in the first section, it consists of seven stanzas of four lines each.